Vertical circulation is most sculptural element. Ching says: Stair is not just functional, it's ceremonial.
Stair types: Straight (formal, direct), L-shaped (turns, needs landing, more private), U-shaped (compact, efficient, most common in Egypt), Spiral (sculptural, needs little space but hard to carry furniture), Curved (elegant, expensive).
Design rules: Riser 15-18cm comfortable, tread 28-30cm, nosing max 2cm. In Egypt, many stairs 20cm riser - tiring. Comfort = riser + tread = 45-46cm. Check.
Stair as space: Stair can be open (light, connected), closed (private, fire safe), or floating (modern, needs structure). Open stair makes small house feel bigger because you see vertical continuity.
Elevator and ramp: Modern vertical circulation includes elevator (core, needs machine room) and ramp (needs 8% max slope, long). In villa, elevator needs 160x180cm shaft min. Plan early.
For shop drawings: Stair detail is critical - structure, railing, finishes, lighting. Section 1:20 shows all. Railing height 90cm residential, 105cm public. Gap max 11cm so child can't pass.
Ching's insight: Stair landing is pause, view opportunity. Place window at landing, not just for light but for orientation - you know where you are as you go up.
Content: Show 5 stair types in same footprint - how each feels different. Reel: walking up each type. Very engaging.
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