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| Design Methods for Landscape |
10. Means-focus
Means-focus plays with forms or means to generate a solution, rather than focusing on the problem or object of the design. Here the designer uses free-moving sketches to develop a roof design.
11. Incremental improvement
Incremental improvement enhances a design gradually. Many times this is done by the use of case studies. A case study tries to understand the system being studied and apply it to a new situation, making small improvements. In the following sketch, the designer tries to understand the feel of a
small town and convey this to a new development, at the same time improving parts that will not diminish the feeling of a small town.
small town and convey this to a new development, at the same time improving parts that will not diminish the feeling of a small town.
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| Design Methods for Landscape |
12. Incremental adaption
Incremental adaption applies a successful design to a similar situation. The following sketch shows how a Parisian cafe is copied in Washington, D.C.
13. Typologies
Typologies are past solutions whose principles are considered constant and invariable within cultural contexts. As the following example illustrates, in the western culture, steeples are generally associated with houses of worship. This is what the design intends to communicate by the use of a type form.
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| Design Methods for Landscape |
14. Pattern languages
Pattern languages are the rules representing the order and correct function of the relationship between man and his environment. The following images show the underlining pattern and relationship of three different towns. These relationships or patterns can be applied to different designs by increasing or decreasing the scale. For example, designing an amusement park, one or a combination of these layouts might be useful.
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| Design Methods for Landscape |
15. Behavioral Setting
Behavioral setting design identifies behavior patterns that are independent and stable. For example, a prison has areas designed to address certain behaviors, such as containment, food preparation, hygiene, etc. In landscape architecture design, common behaviors would include parking, gathering areas, or filtration for run off.
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| Design Methods for Landscape |
16. Structure-of-the-Problem
The structure-of-the-problem method focuses on the key problem. Once a solution is developed for this problem, the design falls into place. In the following example, the round pegs represent standard design problems. The square peg is the unique or key problem that must be addressed before the design is complete. In the landscape architecture context, standard design problems include issues such as what material to use in constructing a walkway and what type of plants to use in the design. Meanwhile, the key problem could be how to maximize and preserve a great view.
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| Design Methods for Landscape |
17. Optimization Essential Function
Optimization identifies the key functions of the design and works through each function, solving each as if it were the most important function. The information gathered is used to better understand how each function will fit into the design. In the following example, each function is separated into program elements. The program elements are then solved, and these solutions are used to develop the design to completion.
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| Design Methods for Landscape |
18. Disaggregation
Disaggregation divides a problem into subsets, solves for each subset and then combines the solutions of each subset to form a solution. In the following example, each piece of the game must be separately solved before the game is complete. In the landscape architecture context, each piece represents a design problem, such as topography and site run off. Each problem must be solved separately and then combined to complete the design.
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| Design Methods for Landscape |
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