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| landscape architect design methods |
Polk defines the following key terms.
• Observe: To gather information and evidence; to
discover or determine the existence, presence,
or
fact of. In this stage
the designer observes him or herself, the site and its surrounding, and the
design’s objective.
• Orient: To
construct a mental model that allows the designer to understand the reality of
the present situation and the desired state. In this stage, the designer is
able to understand the present state and visualize in what direction or
directions--either narrowly or broadly defined-- the design should move. It must be noted that Boyd stresses the
importance of creating a new reality during this stage of the design loop. The designer must avoid using the familiar
paradigms that do not reflect the current real- ity. Before the designer brings together linked elements of the observation, he or she must destruct the existing whole, break it into it elements, and then create a new perspective of reality by constructing from the specific to the general. The intent is best captured by Polk:
paradigms that do not reflect the current real- ity. Before the designer brings together linked elements of the observation, he or she must destruct the existing whole, break it into it elements, and then create a new perspective of reality by constructing from the specific to the general. The intent is best captured by Polk:
“(Destruction of a domain or breaking the whole into its respective constituent elements) before he” (in this case the designer) “can collect linking elements to recreate a new and improved observation creation of a new perceptions of reality through specific to general induction, synthesis, and integration of common qualities or attributes found in the chaotic world.” (Polk, 19)
In this case, the chaotic world is the design. So one destroys
the observed or starting reality so that the influences perceived
or real of the starting reality are reduced.
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| landscape architect design methods |
• Decide: To make choices of how to reach the desired
state. This involves the selection
of methodologies and course of action.
• Act: To implement the decision. (Polk, 16-21)
Returning to Rowe. Rowe classifies his methods into five branches
of heuristic reasoning.
“Five classes of
heuristics can be identified largely according to the kind of subject
matter
involved. They are:
involved. They are:
1) the use of anthropocentric analogies,
2) the use of literal analogies,
3) the use of environmental
relations,
4) the use of typologies,
5) the use of formal “languages”.
These classes were based on protocol analysis of architectural designers at
work, mixed with some speculation. Each class is by no means exclusive of the
characteristics of others, nor totally inclusive of the range of possible
heuristics. Rather, the
classification is one of practical
convenience for grouping and discussing observations.” (Rowe, 18)
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