This chapter dives deep into the "I" in BIM, arguing that information is far more valuable than geometry. A 3D model without data is just an expensive picture. The authors explain that every object in a BIM model can carry properties or attributes—pieces of data that describe that object's identity, performance, cost, maintenance requirements, and more.
For a simple door, this might include its fire rating, acoustic performance, material composition, manufacturer, model number, purchase cost, installation date, expected lifespan, warranty expiration, and last inspection date. For a mechanical unit, attributes might include flow rates, power consumption, weight, serial number, and access clearance requirements.
The chapter introduces COBie (Construction Operations Building Information Exchange) , a standard format for delivering this non-geometric information to building owners and facility managers. COBie organizes data into spreadsheets covering spaces, equipment, spare parts, warranties, and maintenance schedules. The authors emphasize that information requirements should be defined before modeling begins.
An owner who needs to track filter replacements for air handling units must specify that data requirement in the Employer's Information Requirements (EIR) ; otherwise, the design team may not collect it. The chapter also introduces the concept of Level of Information Need (previously called Level of Development or LOD), which specifies how much information is required for each object at each project phase.
A conceptual design might only need a door's rough dimensions and material; a construction model needs its exact geometry, fixing details, and coordination with surrounding structure; an as-built model delivered to the owner needs complete product data and warranty information.
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